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The soundcard I want to use is detected and works (it only recently switched to dummy output and didn't allow me to go back).

HDMI is no longer listed under Audio and Video - KDE Control Module; everything under audio module is set to dummy output and its the only 'soundcard' on the list now. I can view my previous sound cards in alsamixer, but changing the settings from there does nothing.

How can I get my real soundcards to work again?

I have already tried the following answers without success:

How do I get my sound working?

EDIT:

name@name-desktop:~$ lspci -vvv | grep -A8 Audio

00:01.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Kaveri HDMI/DP Audio Controller

        Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation Kaveri HDMI/DP Audio Controller

        Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+

        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-

        Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes

        Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 43

        Region 0: Memory at ff764000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]

        Capabilities: <access denied>

        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel

        Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel

--

00:14.2 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH Azalia Controller (rev 01)

        Subsystem: ASRock Incorporation FCH Azalia Controller

        Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-

        Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=slow >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-

        Latency: 32, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes

        Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16

        Region 0: Memory at ff760000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]

        Capabilities: <access denied>

        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel

Could this image possibly help?:

There is another soundcard but I'm unsure of what its for because it never outputs sound, but it does have a lot of settings: that sound card is labelled as "HD-Audio Generic".

So I went into Software & Updates under the Additional drivers tab and I see this:

It was on "Do not use the device" so I changed it and applied the settings and went into konsole and did sudo apt-get update and the last message was

E: Failed to fetch cdrom://Kubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages  Please use apt-cdrom to make this CD-ROM recognized by APT. apt-get update cannot be used to add new CD-ROMs

So I tried sudo apt-cdrom://Kubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)/dists/xenial/main/binary-amd64/Packages but it doesn't accept brackets so it returned this code:

bash: syntax error near unexpected token `('

so I unchecked the cdrom source in "Other software" and did update again and theres no error. Unfortunately the soundcard isn't back even after reboot.

First, replace any previous configurations:

sudo apt-get update

mkdir PULSE

cd PULSE

apt-get download pulseaudio

ar xvf *

tar xvf dat*

sudo rm /etc/pulse/*

sudo mv etc/pulse/* /etc/pulse/

Then, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`

sudo modprobe snd-hda-intel

rm -r ~/.config/pulse*

pulseaudio -k

source

There doesn't seem to be a solution to this so I just re-installed Kubuntu and the sound works perfect.

Downside: wiped everything else (but I didn't have much on my ssd so it was fine)

Today - seemingly the same problem - I did the following, using Synaptic package manager:

Reinstalled the following packages:
linux-sound-base (1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu5)
pulseaudio (1:8.0-0ubuntu3)

... and my card is back available.

Edit: problem came back after reboot!

Edit2: minimal (temporary) remedy is "sudo dpkg-reconfigure pulseaudio"

Go to settings > software & updates > additional drivers. You will find a driver similar to audio: set it to Do not use this device. Then apply changes and restart.

Then system will use the inbuilt audio

If not working check whether it has changed by repeating the above.

In my case:
Settings -> multimedia -> audio Volume -> advanced -> switching around between 4.1 and Analog Stereo Output/Duplex

Sound is back...

I don't know what's the problem or why it happens, but that worked for me.

pulseaudio --kill

pulseaudio --start