How to setup an Access Point mode Wi-Fi Hotspot?

Point to be noted: Wireless hotspots aren't the same as ad hoc networks. There is significant difference between the two. In short, ad hoc networks aren't supported on newer devices and most Android, Windows Phone and Blackberry devices (and maybe iOS devices too) whereas AP mode Wi-Fi hotspots are. To get an idea about AP mode hotspots, ad hoc networks and their difference, refer to this Wikipedia page and this article on Connectify website.

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

With GNOME 3.28 desktop on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, WiFi tethering has become easier than ever!😃 Just open the Wi-Fi Settings from system menu.

And then from the hamburger menu on Wi-Fi Settings, select Turn On Wi-Fi Hotspot. That's it, your WiFi access point is now up and running!

Advanced Stuff

If you wanna change the name (SSID) and password of your access point, open Network Connections editor tool by entering the following in either Terminal or Alt+F2:

nm-connection-editor

Double click on Hotspot and the editor window'll appear. You may change SSID and password from the Wi-Fi and Wi-Fi Security tabs.

Ubuntu 16.04 LTS & 14.04 LTS

Step 1: Test whether your WiFi card supports AP mode

Follow the Access Point mode check in the answer provided by Web-E

Step 2: Start the built-in Hotspot

Network comes with a built-in option to start an Ad-Hoc hotspot. So, let's use this first, so that it could be configured and converted to an Access Point mode hotspot in the next step.

Search Network in Dash and open it.

Press the "Use as Hotspot" button and Network Manager will start an AdHoc hotspot.

But that's not what we want, is it? 😉 Stop the hotspot.

Step 3: Configure Hotspot

Open Network Connections from Dash or 'Edit Connections' from Network Indicator menu.

In the Network Connections window that appears, there'll be a connection named Hotspot listed under the WiFi section. Select it and click the 'Edit' button.

In the window that appears, you may edit the broadcast name (SSID) of your hotspot. Now comes the most important part of this configuration: change mode to 'Hotspot', which'll finally convert the hotspot to Access Point mode. Users of Ubuntu 14.04 LTS'll notice that this mode isn't available to choose from the drop-down. Don't get disappointed, as you can still do it via an extra Step 3.1.

Save and open the same Editing Hotspot window again. This time go to the WiFi Security tab for selecting password type. If you don't want to set a password, you can set security to none and thus create an open hotspot. If you're setting a password, it's recommended to change the security key from WEP to WPA2. Once the configurations are done, don't forget to save it so that the changes could apply.

In the General tab, make sure that “Automatically connect to this network when it is available” is turned off (unless you only ever use your wifi as a hotspot). Otherwise, since the hotspot is always available, you won't see the menu entries to connect to other wifi networks in the network manager applet.

Step 3.1: Only for Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

Since Ubuntu 14.04 LTS's Networks (network-manager v9.8.8) doesn't offer a graphical setting to select AP mode, we'll manually edit it's config file to force the conversion. Copy the following command, then press Alt+F2 or open Terminal and paste it there:

pkexec env DISPLAY=$DISPLAY XAUTHORITY=$XAUTHORITY gedit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Hotspot

Type your password in the authorization dialog that appears and the configuration file will be opened in text editor. Find a line beginning with mode=, change it to mode=ap and save the file.

Step 4: Start Hotspot

Now that the configuration part is over, we'll start the hotspot. Click on 'Create New Wi-Fi Network' from Network Indicator menu.

In the window that appears, click on the connection drop-down button and change "New..." to "Hotspot". Press the "Create" button and your hotspot will start running. From now on, whenever you need a hotspot, you just need to do this step i.e Step 4 only.

K.. That's all folks! Have fun with your new Access Point 😊

Whether your wireless card support Access Point mode.

First thing to be done is perform the test whether your wireless card support going into wireless access point mode. As told earlier following test is for mac80211 framework based driver.

Install iw & execute following

sudo aptitude install iw

iw list

Look for supported interface section, where it should be a entry called AP like below

Supported interface modes:

         * IBSS

         * managed

         * AP

         * AP/VLAN

         * monitor

         * mesh point

If your driver doesn't shows this AP, It doesn't mean it can't create wireless hotspot. But those cards aren't in scope of this tutorial. For more tests follow ubuntu documentation on master mode.

The setup is divided in three sections,

1. Setup & host a wireless network


2. IP address setup


3. Internet sharing

1.Setup and host a network

• Software required: hostapd (install it)


• Press alt + F2 and type gksu gedit & press enter. We are going to edit a lot of files.


• In gedit, press ctrl+o, ctrl+l & paste it in location box /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf. Press Enter.


• 
  

  Paste the following code,

  
  
  

  interface=wlan0
  
  driver=nl80211
  
  ssid=test
  
  hw_mode=g
  
  channel=1
  
  macaddr_acl=0
  
  auth_algs=1
  
  ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
  
  wpa=3
  
  wpa_passphrase=1234567890
  
  wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  
  wpa_pairwise=TKIP
  
  rsn_pairwise=CCMP
  
  

  
  

Please make sure there are no trailing white space and the end of the line! Hostapd is very sensitive to ending white spaces that are hard to troubleshoot!

Changes you need to do:

1. Change interface=wlan0 to your wireless card name. (If you have one wireless card it should be wlan0)


2. 
   ssid=test. test is the name of your hosted network.


3. 
   wpa_passphrase=1234567890, 1234567890 is the password of your network.

The configuration above creates a wpa & wpa2 enabled access point in g mode. A more detailed instruction to build configuration file can be found here

Now start the hostapd. Edit the file /etc/default/hostapd and modify the line of DAEMON_CONF like this:

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

Then start the hostapd service using the following command,

sudo service hostapd start

It should start a wireless network. In your mobile device now you can see a wireless network and can authenticate. But the device won't get IP address. Stop it with the command sudo service hostapd stop

If you get any error, possibly your card doesn't support g mode. Try with other >modes. Guide

Part 2: Set up DHCP server for IP address management

Install isc-dhcp-server

Edit the file /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server and set INTERFACES like this:

INTERFACES="wlan0"

In gedit, press Ctrl+O, in location box paste /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
Find (ctrl+F) below lines and put # before it. It should look like after editing

# option definitions common to all supported networks…

#option domain-name “example.org”;

#option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;

Again comment out following lines too

#default-lease-time 600;

#max-lease-time 7200;

Add following lines at end

subnet 10.10.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

        range 10.10.0.2 10.10.0.16;

        option domain-name-servers 8.8.4.4, 208.67.222.222;

        option routers 10.10.0.1;

}

Range describe how long the address pool will be. you need to adjust subnet value also. This config can give IP up to 15 devices

Again press Cctrl+O in gedit and paste following in location bar /etc/network/interfaces, Add below

auto wlan0

iface wlan0 inet static

address 10.10.0.1

netmask 255.255.255.0

wlan0 is your wireless interface. Change it accordingly.

Note: After reboot the wireless will be shown as not managed. So you
can't use any other wi-fi network. To get wireless with normal
behaviour, put # before those newly added line and execute sudo start
networking

now run

sudo service isc-dhcp-server start

sudo service hostapd start

At this point , your mobile device will see a network, authenticate it & after authentication it will get ip address something like 10.10.0.2.

Setup internet connection settings

For Internet connection sharing we need ip forwarding and ip masquerading.
Enable ip forwarding : execute

echo 1| sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Now say you are using to a dial up/usb modem connection to connect to INTERNET. You need to get the logical interface name. For that execute ifconfig or ip address

For dialup/usb modem: it should be ppp0. If you want to share Ethernet connection you should use ethXwhere X is your ethernet device number. If you are connecting to internet through an android device with USB tethering, then the interface name should be usb0.

Now once you get the interface name execute
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.0.0/16 -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE

The ppp0 in above command is the interface whose internet connection you are sharing over wireless.

If you have edited upto /etc/network/interfaces you can use this script to start the service. Edit it if you are not sharing ppp0. if you are using script and want to stop the server, use sudo killall hostapd

A blog that is mostly a summary of what has been described here: http://dashohoxha.blogspot.com/2013/06/how-to-setup-wifi-access-point-on-ubuntu.html

A script that tries to automate the steps described here: https://gist.github.com/dashohoxha/5767262

Please feel free to report or fix any bugs that you notice.

Great helps from :

• https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/MasterMode


• http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Documentation/hostapd


• http://thenewbieblog.wordpress.com/2012/05/01/wifi-hotspot-setup-on-ubuntu/


• How do I install and configure a DHCP server?