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What does “enim et” mean?

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1

A couple days ago, a friend sent me an excerpt from a new game, asking about a Latin phrase in it:

Contra Diabolus enim et alii Daemones

(In the game, this is the motto of a group of Catholic monster hunters—so it's meant to be Church Latin, not Classical.)

The translation seems fairly straightforward: "Against the Devil and other Demons". I would have used diabolum in the accusative, but that's a separate matter.

What confused me, though, was the word enim in the middle. I would normally translate enim as "for" or "because". So what's it doing here, right before et? Is it just an error on the translator's part, or is this a usage of enim I'm not familiar with?

motto grammar-identification ecclesiastical-latin

share|improve this question

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

add a comment | 

1

A couple days ago, a friend sent me an excerpt from a new game, asking about a Latin phrase in it:

Contra Diabolus enim et alii Daemones

(In the game, this is the motto of a group of Catholic monster hunters—so it's meant to be Church Latin, not Classical.)

The translation seems fairly straightforward: "Against the Devil and other Demons". I would have used diabolum in the accusative, but that's a separate matter.

What confused me, though, was the word enim in the middle. I would normally translate enim as "for" or "because". So what's it doing here, right before et? Is it just an error on the translator's part, or is this a usage of enim I'm not familiar with?

motto grammar-identification ecclesiastical-latin

share|improve this question

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

add a comment | 

A couple days ago, a friend sent me an excerpt from a new game, asking about a Latin phrase in it:

Contra Diabolus enim et alii Daemones

(In the game, this is the motto of a group of Catholic monster hunters—so it's meant to be Church Latin, not Classical.)

The translation seems fairly straightforward: "Against the Devil and other Demons". I would have used diabolum in the accusative, but that's a separate matter.

What confused me, though, was the word enim in the middle. I would normally translate enim as "for" or "because". So what's it doing here, right before et? Is it just an error on the translator's part, or is this a usage of enim I'm not familiar with?

motto grammar-identification ecclesiastical-latin

share|improve this question

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

share|improve this question

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

share|improve this question

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

asked 1 hour ago

DraconisDraconis

18.2k22474

2 Answers
2

active

oldest

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2

A quick web search shows that the phrase 'Diabolus enim et alii Daemones' (without the contra) appears to originate from the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). The full sentence is Diabolus enim et alii daemones a Deo quidem natura creati sunt boni, sed ipsi per se facti sunt mali, which I would translate as something like, 'For the Devil and other demons were created by God (to be) good by nature, it's true, but they became, on their own, through their own agency, wicked.'

I suspect that whoever created the phrase for the game knew of this sentence, knew that contra means 'against', but didn't know that it requires a change of case or that enim doesn't really belong unless it's serving a connecting function; therefore, he or she just stuck contra at the beginning instead of changing to contra Diabolum et alios daemones.

share|improve this answer

edited 33 mins ago

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Excellent! I think this is the right answer—am I correct in translating that sentence as "for the Devil and other demons, created by God, are indeed good by nature, but their deeds in and of themselves are evil"? I'm never sure when translating Church Latin if I'm missing some crucial nuance.
  
  – Draconis
  42 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis This does indeed sound like a very plausible answer. I'd read the end of the sentence as "but became evil on their own" or something similar. That is, I see ipsi facti sunt mali as "they themselves became evil".
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  34 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis, I updated the answer with my attempt at a translation – admittedly, a somewhat heavy-handed one.
  
  – cnread
  33 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

1

I would indeed expect the accusatives Diabolum and alios together with contra.
But there is a way to make the nominative work; then contra has to be read as an adverb, not a preposition (which would require accusative).
Ignoring the enim, the whole phrase could be read as "in front [of us are] the Devil and other Demons".

To make sense of enim, I think it modifies the entire motto, not just the second part.
It usually comes as the second word, but if the first two words are closely connected, it can come a little later.
This tight connection would make sense for me if contra was used as a preposition, but not so much in the adverbial use.
I find the position a little odd but not completely wrong.

As Leqis and Short write, enim is a corroborative particle.
An apt English counterpart here might be "indeed".
Therefore I would read the whole as:

In front [of us are] indeed the Devil and other Demons

However, this does feel a little odd.
Enim is in a weird place (and not even necessary in my opinion), and the use of contra strikes me as weird too.
The motto may well be a well-composed Latin motto, but it could also be a mistaken attempt at translating "Against the Devil and other Demons".

share|improve this answer

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

add a comment | 

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2

A quick web search shows that the phrase 'Diabolus enim et alii Daemones' (without the contra) appears to originate from the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). The full sentence is Diabolus enim et alii daemones a Deo quidem natura creati sunt boni, sed ipsi per se facti sunt mali, which I would translate as something like, 'For the Devil and other demons were created by God (to be) good by nature, it's true, but they became, on their own, through their own agency, wicked.'

I suspect that whoever created the phrase for the game knew of this sentence, knew that contra means 'against', but didn't know that it requires a change of case or that enim doesn't really belong unless it's serving a connecting function; therefore, he or she just stuck contra at the beginning instead of changing to contra Diabolum et alios daemones.

share|improve this answer

edited 33 mins ago

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Excellent! I think this is the right answer—am I correct in translating that sentence as "for the Devil and other demons, created by God, are indeed good by nature, but their deeds in and of themselves are evil"? I'm never sure when translating Church Latin if I'm missing some crucial nuance.
  
  – Draconis
  42 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis This does indeed sound like a very plausible answer. I'd read the end of the sentence as "but became evil on their own" or something similar. That is, I see ipsi facti sunt mali as "they themselves became evil".
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  34 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis, I updated the answer with my attempt at a translation – admittedly, a somewhat heavy-handed one.
  
  – cnread
  33 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

2

A quick web search shows that the phrase 'Diabolus enim et alii Daemones' (without the contra) appears to originate from the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). The full sentence is Diabolus enim et alii daemones a Deo quidem natura creati sunt boni, sed ipsi per se facti sunt mali, which I would translate as something like, 'For the Devil and other demons were created by God (to be) good by nature, it's true, but they became, on their own, through their own agency, wicked.'

I suspect that whoever created the phrase for the game knew of this sentence, knew that contra means 'against', but didn't know that it requires a change of case or that enim doesn't really belong unless it's serving a connecting function; therefore, he or she just stuck contra at the beginning instead of changing to contra Diabolum et alios daemones.

share|improve this answer

edited 33 mins ago

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  Excellent! I think this is the right answer—am I correct in translating that sentence as "for the Devil and other demons, created by God, are indeed good by nature, but their deeds in and of themselves are evil"? I'm never sure when translating Church Latin if I'm missing some crucial nuance.
  
  – Draconis
  42 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis This does indeed sound like a very plausible answer. I'd read the end of the sentence as "but became evil on their own" or something similar. That is, I see ipsi facti sunt mali as "they themselves became evil".
  
  – Joonas Ilmavirta♦
  34 mins ago
  

  
  
  
  


• 
  
  
  

  
  

  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  @Draconis, I updated the answer with my attempt at a translation – admittedly, a somewhat heavy-handed one.
  
  – cnread
  33 mins ago
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

add a comment | 

A quick web search shows that the phrase 'Diabolus enim et alii Daemones' (without the contra) appears to originate from the Fourth Council of the Lateran (1215). The full sentence is Diabolus enim et alii daemones a Deo quidem natura creati sunt boni, sed ipsi per se facti sunt mali, which I would translate as something like, 'For the Devil and other demons were created by God (to be) good by nature, it's true, but they became, on their own, through their own agency, wicked.'

I suspect that whoever created the phrase for the game knew of this sentence, knew that contra means 'against', but didn't know that it requires a change of case or that enim doesn't really belong unless it's serving a connecting function; therefore, he or she just stuck contra at the beginning instead of changing to contra Diabolum et alios daemones.

share|improve this answer

edited 33 mins ago

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

share|improve this answer

edited 33 mins ago

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

answered 47 mins ago

cnreadcnread

9,01211124

1

I would indeed expect the accusatives Diabolum and alios together with contra.
But there is a way to make the nominative work; then contra has to be read as an adverb, not a preposition (which would require accusative).
Ignoring the enim, the whole phrase could be read as "in front [of us are] the Devil and other Demons".

To make sense of enim, I think it modifies the entire motto, not just the second part.
It usually comes as the second word, but if the first two words are closely connected, it can come a little later.
This tight connection would make sense for me if contra was used as a preposition, but not so much in the adverbial use.
I find the position a little odd but not completely wrong.

As Leqis and Short write, enim is a corroborative particle.
An apt English counterpart here might be "indeed".
Therefore I would read the whole as:

In front [of us are] indeed the Devil and other Demons

However, this does feel a little odd.
Enim is in a weird place (and not even necessary in my opinion), and the use of contra strikes me as weird too.
The motto may well be a well-composed Latin motto, but it could also be a mistaken attempt at translating "Against the Devil and other Demons".

share|improve this answer

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

add a comment | 

1

I would indeed expect the accusatives Diabolum and alios together with contra.
But there is a way to make the nominative work; then contra has to be read as an adverb, not a preposition (which would require accusative).
Ignoring the enim, the whole phrase could be read as "in front [of us are] the Devil and other Demons".

To make sense of enim, I think it modifies the entire motto, not just the second part.
It usually comes as the second word, but if the first two words are closely connected, it can come a little later.
This tight connection would make sense for me if contra was used as a preposition, but not so much in the adverbial use.
I find the position a little odd but not completely wrong.

As Leqis and Short write, enim is a corroborative particle.
An apt English counterpart here might be "indeed".
Therefore I would read the whole as:

In front [of us are] indeed the Devil and other Demons

However, this does feel a little odd.
Enim is in a weird place (and not even necessary in my opinion), and the use of contra strikes me as weird too.
The motto may well be a well-composed Latin motto, but it could also be a mistaken attempt at translating "Against the Devil and other Demons".

share|improve this answer

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

add a comment | 

I would indeed expect the accusatives Diabolum and alios together with contra.
But there is a way to make the nominative work; then contra has to be read as an adverb, not a preposition (which would require accusative).
Ignoring the enim, the whole phrase could be read as "in front [of us are] the Devil and other Demons".

To make sense of enim, I think it modifies the entire motto, not just the second part.
It usually comes as the second word, but if the first two words are closely connected, it can come a little later.
This tight connection would make sense for me if contra was used as a preposition, but not so much in the adverbial use.
I find the position a little odd but not completely wrong.

As Leqis and Short write, enim is a corroborative particle.
An apt English counterpart here might be "indeed".
Therefore I would read the whole as:

In front [of us are] indeed the Devil and other Demons

However, this does feel a little odd.
Enim is in a weird place (and not even necessary in my opinion), and the use of contra strikes me as weird too.
The motto may well be a well-composed Latin motto, but it could also be a mistaken attempt at translating "Against the Devil and other Demons".

share|improve this answer

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

share|improve this answer

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287

answered 53 mins ago

Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta

49k1271287